Glosario de términos
Este glosario tiene la intención de ser una lista completa y estandarizada de la terminología de Kubernetes. Incluye términos técnicos que son específicos de k8s, así como términos más generales que proporcionan un contexto.
Filtrar terminos por categoría:
.
The inner components of Kubernetes.
Related to Kubernetes open-source development.
A resource type that Kubernetes supports by default.
Supported customizations of Kubernetes.
Relevant for a first-time user of Kubernetes.
How Kubernetes components talk to each other (and to programs outside the cluster).
Starting and maintaining Kubernetes.
Keeping Kubernetes applications safe and secure.
How Kubernetes applications handle persistent data.
Software that makes Kubernetes easier or better to use.
Represents a common type of Kubernetes user.
Applications running on Kubernetes.
Architecture
Community
Core Object
Extension
Fundamental
Networking
Operation
Security
Storage
Tool
User Type
Workload
Seleccionar todos
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Haz click en el símbolo [+] para obtener información detallada sobre el término.
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Add-onsLINK
Resources that extend the functionality of Kubernetes.
[+]Installing addons explains more about using add-ons with your cluster, and lists some popular add-ons.
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Admission ControllerLINK
A piece of code that intercepts requests to the Kubernetes API server prior to persistence of the object.
[+]Admission controllers are configurable for the Kubernetes API server and may be “validating”, “mutating”, or both. Any admission controller may reject the request. Mutating controllers may modify the objects they admit; validating controllers may not.
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Aggregation LayerLINK
The aggregation layer lets you install additional Kubernetes-style APIs in your cluster.
[+]When you’ve configured the Kubernetes API ServerControl plane component that serves the Kubernetes API. to support additional APIs, you can add
APIServiceobjects to “claim” a URL path in the Kubernetes API. -
AnnotationLINK
Una pareja clave-valor utilizada para añadir metadatos a los objetos.
[+]La información adicional proporcionada por las anotaciones puede ser grande o pequeña, estructurada como JSON o texto plano, y además permite caracteres que no están soportados por las LabelsMetadatos en forma de clave-valor que permite añadir a los objetos atributos que sean relevantes para los usuarios para identificarlos. . Esta información puede ser útil para librerías o clientes que puedan necesitar información adicional.
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API GroupLINK
A set of related paths in Kubernetes API.
[+]You can enable or disable each API group by changing the configuration of your API server. You can also disable or enable paths to specific resources. API group makes it easier to extend the Kubernetes API. The API group is specified in a REST path and in the
apiVersionfield of a serialized object.- Read API Group for more information.
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API serverLINKAlso known as:kube-apiserver
The API server is a component of the Kubernetes control planeThe container orchestration layer that exposes the API and interfaces to define, deploy, and manage the lifecycle of containers. that exposes the Kubernetes API. The API server is the front end for the Kubernetes control plane.
[+]The main implementation of a Kubernetes API server is kube-apiserver. kube-apiserver is designed to scale horizontally—that is, it scales by deploying more instances. You can run several instances of kube-apiserver and balance traffic between those instances.
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App ContainerLINK
Application containers (or app containers) are the containersA lightweight and portable executable image that contains software and all of its dependencies. in a podThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. that are started after any init containersOne or more initialization containers that must run to completion before any app containers run. have completed.
[+]An init container lets you separate initialization details that are important for the overall workloadA workload is an application running on Kubernetes. , and that don’t need to keep running once the application container has started. If a pod doesn’t have any init containers configured, all the containers in that pod are app containers.
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ApproverLINK
A person who can review and approve Kubernetes code contributions.
[+]While code review is focused on code quality and correctness, approval is focused on the holistic acceptance of a contribution. Holistic acceptance includes backwards/forwards compatibility, adhering to API and flag conventions, subtle performance and correctness issues, interactions with other parts of the system, and others. Approver status is scoped to a part of the codebase. Approvers were previously referred to as maintainers.
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Arquitecto/a de aplicacionesLINK
Una de las personas responsables del diseño a alto nivel de una aplicación.
[+]Un/a arquitecto/a garantiza que la implementación de una aplicación le permita interactuar con otros componentes de su entorno de forma escalable y mantenible. Estos componentes pueden ser bases de datos, infraestructura de logs u otros microservicios.
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CertificateLINK
Un fichero criptográficamente seguro usado para validar el acceso al clúster de Kubernetes.
[+]Los Certificates (certificados en español) permiten que las aplicaciones dentro del clúster accedan a la API de Kubernetes de forma segura. Los certificados sirven para validar que un cliente tiene permiso para acceder a la API.
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CIDRLINK
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) is a notation for describing blocks of IP addresses and is used heavily in various networking configurations.
[+]In the context of Kubernetes, each NodeA node is a worker machine in Kubernetes. is assigned a range of IP addresses through the start address and a subnet mask using CIDR. This allows Nodes to assign each PodThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. a unique IP address. Although originally a concept for IPv4, CIDR has also been expanded to include IPv6.
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CLA (Contributor License Agreement)LINK
Términos bajo los cuales un contribuidorSomeone who donates code, documentation, or their time to help the Kubernetes project or community. da la licencia a un proyecto de código abierto a sus contribuciones.
[+]Las CLAs ayudan a resolver los conflictos legales que implican material con propiedad intelectual (IP).
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Cloud Controller ManagerLINK
Cloud Controller Manager is an alpha feature in 1.8. In upcoming releases it will be the preferred way to integrate Kubernetes with any cloud.
[+]Kubernetes v1.6 contains a new binary called cloud-controller-manager. cloud-controller-manager is a daemon that embeds cloud-specific control loops. These cloud-specific control loops were originally in the kube-controller-manager. Since cloud providers develop and release at a different pace compared to the Kubernetes project, abstracting the provider-specific code to the cloud-controller-manager binary allows cloud vendors to evolve independently from the core Kubernetes code.
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Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF)LINK
The Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) builds sustainable ecosystems and fosters a community around projects that orchestrate containers as part of a microservices architecture.
Kubernetes is a CNCF project.
[+]The CNCF is a sub-foundation of the Linux Foundation. Its mission is to make cloud native computing ubiquitous.
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Cloud ProviderLINKAlso known as:Cloud Service Provider
A business or other organization that offers a cloud computing platform.
[+]Cloud providers, sometimes called Cloud Service Providers (CSPs), offer cloud computing platforms or services.
Many cloud providers offer managed infrastructure (also called Infrastructure as a Service or IaaS). With managed infrastructure the cloud provider is responsible for servers, storage, and networking while you manage layers on top of that such as running a Kubernetes cluster.
You can also find Kubernetes as a managed service; sometimes called Platform as a Service, or PaaS. With managed Kubernetes, your cloud provider is responsible for the Kubernetes control plane as well as the nodesA node is a worker machine in Kubernetes. and the infrastructure they rely on: networking, storage, and possibly other elements such as load balancers.
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Cluster OperationsLINK
The work involved in managing a Kubernetes cluster: managing day-to-day operations, and co-ordinating upgrades.
[+]Examples of cluster operations work include: deploying new Nodes to scale the cluster; performing software upgrades; implementing security controls; adding or removing storage; configuring cluster networking; managing cluster-wide observability; and responding to events.
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Cluster OperatorLINK
A person who configures, controls, and monitors clusters.
[+]Their primary responsibility is keeping a cluster up and running, which may involve periodic maintenance activities or upgrades.
Note: Cluster operators are different from the Operator pattern that extends the Kubernetes API. -
Code ContributorLINK
A person who develops and contributes code to the Kubernetes open source codebase.
[+]They are also an active community memberA continuously active contributor in the K8s community. who participates in one or more Special Interest Groups (SIGs)Community members who collectively manage an ongoing piece or aspect of the larger Kubernetes open source project. .
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ConfigMapLINK
An API object used to store non-confidential data in key-value pairs. Can be consumed as environment variables, command-line arguments, or config files in a volumeA directory containing data, accessible to the containers in a pod. .
[+]Allows you to decouple environment-specific configuration from your container imagesA lightweight and portable executable image that contains software and all of its dependencies. , so that your applications are easily portable. When storing confidential data use a Secret.
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Container Environment VariablesLINK
Container environment variables are name=value pairs that provide useful information into containers running in a podThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster.
[+]Container environment variables provide information that is required by the running containerized applications along with information about important resources to the containersA lightweight and portable executable image that contains software and all of its dependencies. . For example, file system details, information about the container itself, and other cluster resources such as service endpoints.
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Container Lifecycle HooksLINK
The lifecycle hooks expose events in the ContainerA lightweight and portable executable image that contains software and all of its dependencies. management lifecycle and let the user run code when the events occur.
[+]Two hooks are exposed to Containers: PostStart which executes immediately after a container is created and PreStop which is blocking and is called immediately before a container is terminated.
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Container network interface (CNI)LINK
Container network interface (CNI) plugins are a type of Network plugin that adheres to the appc/CNI specification.
[+]- For information on Kubernetes and CNI refer to this.
- For information on Kubernetes and CNI, see “Network plugins”.
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Container RuntimeLINK
El Container Runtime es el software responsable de ejecutar contenedores.
[+]Kubernetes soporta varios Container Runtimes: Docker, containerd, cri-o, rktlet y cualquier implementación de Kubernetes CRI (Container Runtime Interface).
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Container Storage Interface (CSI)LINK
The Container Storage Interface (CSI) defines a standard interface to expose storage systems to containers.
[+]CSI allows vendors to create custom storage plugins for Kubernetes without adding them to the Kubernetes repository (out-of-tree plugins). To use a CSI driver from a storage provider, you must first deploy it to your cluster. You will then be able to create a Storage ClassA StorageClass provides a way for administrators to describe different available storage types. that uses that CSI driver.
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containerdLINK
A container runtime with an emphasis on simplicity, robustness and portability
[+]containerd is a containerA lightweight and portable executable image that contains software and all of its dependencies. runtime that runs as a daemon on Linux or Windows. containerd takes care of fetching and storing container images, executing containers, providing network access, and more.
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ContenedorLINK
Una imagen ligera y portátil que contiene un software y todas sus dependencias.
[+]Los contenedores desacoplan la aplicaciones de la infraestructura subyacente del servidor donde se ejecutan para facilitar el despliegue en diferentes proveedores de nube o entornos de SO, y para un escalado más eficiente.
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ContributorLINK
Someone who donates code, documentation, or their time to help the Kubernetes project or community.
[+]Contributions include pull requests (PRs), issues, feedback, special interest groups (SIG)Community members who collectively manage an ongoing piece or aspect of the larger Kubernetes open source project. participation, or organizing community events.
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ControllerLINK
In Kubernetes, controllers are control loops that watch the state of your clusterA set of worker machines, called nodes, that run containerized applications. Every cluster has at least one worker node. , then make or request changes where needed. Each controller tries to move the current cluster state closer to the desired state.
[+]Controllers watch the shared state of your cluster through the apiserverControl plane component that serves the Kubernetes API. (part of the Control PlaneThe container orchestration layer that exposes the API and interfaces to define, deploy, and manage the lifecycle of containers. ).
Some controllers also run inside the control plane, providing control loops that are core to Kubernetes’ operations. For example: the deployment controller, the daemonset controller, the namespace controller, and the persistent volume controller (and others) all run within the kube-controller-managerControl Plane component that runs controller processes. .
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CRI-OLINK
A tool that lets you use OCI container runtimes with Kubernetes CRI.
[+]CRI-O is an implementation of the Container runtime interface (CRI)An API for container runtimes to integrate with kubelet to enable using containerA lightweight and portable executable image that contains software and all of its dependencies. runtimes that are compatible with the Open Container Initiative (OCI) runtime spec.
Deploying CRI-O allows Kubernetes to use any OCI-compliant runtime as the container runtime for running PodsThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. , and to fetch OCI container images from remote registries.
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DaemonSetLINK
Ensures a copy of a PodThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. is running across a set of nodes in a clusterA set of worker machines, called nodes, that run containerized applications. Every cluster has at least one worker node. .
[+]Used to deploy system daemons such as log collectors and monitoring agents that typically must run on every NodeA node is a worker machine in Kubernetes. .
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DeploymentLINK
Un objeto API que gestiona una aplicación replicada.
[+]Cada réplica se representa por un PodEl objeto más pequeño y simple de Kubernetes. Un Pod es la unidad mínima de computación en Kubernetes y representa uno o más contenedores ejecutándose en el clúster. , y los Pods se distribuyen a lo largo de los nodos del clúster.
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Desarrollador/a de aplicacionesLINK
Una persona que escribe una aplicación que se ejecutará en un clúster de Kubernetes.
[+]Un/a desarrollador/a de aplicaciones escribe, depura y mantiene el código fuente de la aplicación. La aplicación puede ser el resultado del trabajo de una sola persona o de un equipo.
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Developer (disambiguation)LINK
May refer to: Application DeveloperA person who writes an application that runs in a Kubernetes cluster. , Code ContributorA person who develops and contributes code to the Kubernetes open source codebase. , or Platform DeveloperA person who customizes the Kubernetes platform to fit the needs of their project. .
[+]This overloaded term may have different meanings depending on the context
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Device PluginLINK
Device plugins run on worker NodesA node is a worker machine in Kubernetes. and provide Pods The smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. with access to resources, such as local hardware, that require vendor-specific initialization or setup steps.
[+]Device plugins advertise resources to the kubeletAn agent that runs on each node in the cluster. It makes sure that containers are running in a pod. , so that workload Pods can access hardware features that relate to the Node where that Pod is running. You can deploy a device plugin as a DaemonSetEnsures a copy of a Pod is running across a set of nodes in a cluster. , or install the device plugin software directly on each target Node.
See Device Plugins for more information.
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DisruptionLINK
Disruptions are events that lead to one or more PodsThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. going out of service. A disruption has consequences for workload resources, such as DeploymentAn API object that manages a replicated application. , that rely on the affected Pods.
[+]If you, as cluster operator, destroy a Pod that belongs to an application, Kubernetes terms that a voluntary disruption. If a Pod goes offline because of a Node failure, or an outage affecting a wider failure zone, Kubernetes terms that an involuntary disruption.
See Disruptions for more information.
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DockerLINK
Docker (especialmente, Docker Engine) es una tecnología de software que proporciona virtualización a nivel de sistema operativo, también conocida como contenedoresUna imagen ligera y portátil que contiene un software y todas sus dependencias. .
[+]Docker utiliza características de aislamiento del Kernel de Linux como cgroups y namespaces, además de sistemas de archivos con capacidad de unión como OverlayFS para permitir que contenedores independientes se ejecuten dentro de una misma instancia de Linux, evitando el coste de iniciar y mantener máquinas virtuales (VM).
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Downstream (disambiguation)LINK
May refer to: code in the Kubernetes ecosystem that depends upon the core Kubernetes codebase or a forked repo.
[+]- In the Kubernetes Community: Conversations often use downstream to mean the ecosystem, code, or third-party tools that rely on the core Kubernetes codebase. For example, a new feature in Kubernetes may be adopted by applications downstream to improve their functionality.
- In GitHub or git: The convention is to refer to a forked repo as downstream, whereas the source repo is considered upstream.
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Dynamic Volume ProvisioningLINK
Allows users to request automatic creation of storage VolumesA directory containing data, accessible to the containers in a pod. .
[+]Dynamic provisioning eliminates the need for cluster administrators to pre-provision storage. Instead, it automatically provisions storage by user request. Dynamic volume provisioning is based on an API object, StorageClassA StorageClass provides a way for administrators to describe different available storage types. , referring to a Volume PluginA Volume Plugin enables integration of storage within a Pod. that provisions a VolumeA directory containing data, accessible to the containers in a pod. and the set of parameters to pass to the Volume Plugin.
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EndpointSliceLINK
A way to group network endpoints together with Kubernetes resources.
[+]A scalable and extensible way to group network endpoints together. These can be used by kube-proxykube-proxy is a network proxy that runs on each node in the cluster. to establish network routes on each nodeA node is a worker machine in Kubernetes. .
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Ephemeral ContainerLINK
A ContainerA lightweight and portable executable image that contains software and all of its dependencies. type that you can temporarily run inside a PodThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. .
[+]If you want to investigate a Pod that’s running with problems, you can add an ephemeral container to that Pod and carry out diagnostics. Ephemeral containers have no resource or scheduling guarantees, and you should not use them to run any part of the workload itself.
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etcdLINK
Consistent and highly-available key value store used as Kubernetes’ backing store for all cluster data.
[+]If your Kubernetes cluster uses etcd as its backing store, make sure you have a back up plan for those data.
You can find in-depth information about etcd in the official documentation.
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ExtensionsLINK
Extensions are software components that extend and deeply integrate with Kubernetes to support new types of hardware.
[+]Most cluster administrators will use a hosted or distribution instance of Kubernetes. As a result, most Kubernetes users will need to install extensions and fewer will need to author new ones.
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FlexVolumeLINK
FlexVolume is an interface for creating out-of-tree volume plugins. The Container Storage InterfaceThe Container Storage Interface (CSI) defines a standard interface to expose storage systems to containers. is a newer interface which addresses several problems with FlexVolumes.
[+]FlexVolumes enable users to write their own drivers and add support for their volumes in Kubernetes. FlexVolume driver binaries and dependencies must be installed on host machines. This requires root access. The Storage SIG suggests implementing a CSIThe Container Storage Interface (CSI) defines a standard interface to expose storage systems to containers. driver if possible since it addresses the limitations with FlexVolumes.
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Helm ChartLINK
A package of pre-configured Kubernetes resources that can be managed with the Helm tool.
[+]Charts provide a reproducible way of creating and sharing Kubernetes applications. A single chart can be used to deploy something simple, like a memcached Pod, or something complex, like a full web app stack with HTTP servers, databases, caches, and so on.
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Horizontal Pod AutoscalerLINKAlso known as:HPA
An API resource that automatically scales the number of PodThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. replicas based on targeted CPU utilization or custom metric targets.
[+]HPA is typically used with ReplicationControllersKubernetes service that ensures a specific number of instances of a pod are always running. , DeploymentsAn API object that manages a replicated application. , or ReplicaSetsReplicaSet ensures that a specified number of Pod replicas are running at one time . It cannot be applied to objects that cannot be scaled, for example DaemonSetsEnsures a copy of a Pod is running across a set of nodes in a cluster. .
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HostAliasesLINK
A HostAliases is a mapping between the IP address and hostname to be injected into a PodThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. ’s hosts file.
[+]HostAliases is an optional list of hostnames and IP addresses that will be injected into the Pod’s hosts file if specified. This is only valid for non-hostNetwork Pods.
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ImageLINK
Instantánea de un contenedor que contiene un conjunto de librerías necesarias para ejecutar la aplicación.
[+]Mecanismo para empaquetar software que permite almacenarlo en un registro de contenedores, descargarlo al entorno local y ejecutarlo como una aplicación. Los metadatos se incluyen en la imagen y proporcionan información diversa como el ejecutable por defecto o quién la ha construido.
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Init ContainerLINK
One or more initialization containersA lightweight and portable executable image that contains software and all of its dependencies. that must run to completion before any app containers run.
[+]Initialization (init) containers are like regular app containers, with one difference: init containers must run to completion before any app containers can start. Init containers run in series: each init container must run to completion before the next init container begins.
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IstioLINK
An open platform (not Kubernetes-specific) that provides a uniform way to integrate microservices, manage traffic flow, enforce policies, and aggregate telemetry data.
[+]Adding Istio does not require changing application code. It is a layer of infrastructure between a service and the network, which when combined with service deployments, is commonly referred to as a service mesh. Istio’s control plane abstracts away the underlying cluster management platform, which may be Kubernetes, Mesosphere, etc.
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JobLINK
Una tarea finita o por lotes que se ejecuta hasta su finalización.
[+]Crea uno o más objetos PodEl objeto más pequeño y simple de Kubernetes. Un Pod es la unidad mínima de computación en Kubernetes y representa uno o más contenedores ejecutándose en el clúster. y se asegura que un número específico de los mismos finalicen con éxito. A medida que los Pods terminan, el objeto Job registra las ejecuciones completadas correctamente.
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KopsLINK
Herramienta de línea de comandos que facilita la creación, destrucción, actualización y mantenimiento de clústeres de Kubernetes en alta disponibilidad para entornos de producción. NOTA: Oficialmente solo soporta AWS, aunque también ofrece soporte para GCE en beta y WMware vSphere en versión alpha.
[+]kopsprovisiona el clúster con:- Instalación totalmente automatizada
- Identificación de clúster basada en DNS
- Autoreparación ya que todo se ejecuta en grupos de instancias gestionados
- Soporte de Sistema Operativo limitado (Debian como opción recomendada, aunque soporta versiones de Ubuntu posteriores a la 16.04 y también ofrece soporte experimental para CentOS y RHEL)
- Soporte de Alta disponibilidad (HA)
- Habilidad para provisionar directamente la plataforma o generar los manifests de Terraform equivalentes como salida
También puedes construir tu propio clúster utilizando directamente KubeadmUtilidad para instalar Kubernetes con rapidez y configurar un clúster seguro. , que es la herramienta en la que se basa
kops. -
kube-controller-managerLINK
Control Plane component that runs controllerA control loop that watches the shared state of the cluster through the apiserver and makes changes attempting to move the current state towards the desired state. processes.
[+]Logically, each controllerA control loop that watches the shared state of the cluster through the apiserver and makes changes attempting to move the current state towards the desired state. is a separate process, but to reduce complexity, they are all compiled into a single binary and run in a single process.
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kube-proxyLINK
kube-proxy es un componente de red que se ejecuta en cada uno de los nodos del clúster, implementando parte del concepto de Kubernetes ServiceUn Service, servicio en castellano, es el objeto de la API de Kubernetes que describe cómo se accede a las aplicaciones, tal como un conjunto de Pods, y que puede describir puertos y balanceadores de carga. .
[+]kube-proxy mantiene las reglas de red en los nodos, permitiendo la comunicación entre sus Pods desde las sesiones de red dentro o fuera del clúster.
kube-proxy usa la capa de filtrado de paquetes del sistema operativo si la hay y está disponible; de lo contrario, kube-proxy reenvía el tráfico por sí mismo.
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kube-schedulerLINK
Control plane component that watches for newly created PodsThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. with no assigned nodeA node is a worker machine in Kubernetes. , and selects a node for them to run on.
[+]Factors taken into account for scheduling decisions include: individual and collective resource requirements, hardware/software/policy constraints, affinity and anti-affinity specifications, data locality, inter-workload interference, and deadlines.
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KubectlLINK
Herramienta de línea de comandos para comunicarse con un servidor ejecutando la API de KubernetesThe application that serves Kubernetes functionality through a RESTful interface and stores the state of the cluster. .
[+]Puedes usar kubectl para crear, inspeccionar, actualizar y borrar objetos de Kubernetes.
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KubeletLINK
Agente que se ejecuta en cada nodo de un clúster. Se asegura de que los contenedores estén corriendo en un pod.
[+]El agente kubelet toma un conjunto de especificaciones de PodEl objeto más pequeño y simple de Kubernetes. Un Pod es la unidad mínima de computación en Kubernetes y representa uno o más contenedores ejecutándose en el clúster. , llamados PodSpecs, que han sido creados por Kubernetes y garantiza que los contenedores descritos en ellos estén funcionando y en buen estado.
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Kubernetes APILINK
The application that serves Kubernetes functionality through a RESTful interface and stores the state of the cluster.
[+]Kubernetes resources and “records of intent” are all stored as API objects, and modified via RESTful calls to the API. The API allows configuration to be managed in a declarative way. Users can interact with the Kubernetes API directly, or via tools like
kubectl. The core Kubernetes API is flexible and can also be extended to support custom resources. -
LabelLINK
Metadatos en forma de clave-valor que permite añadir a los objetos atributos que sean relevantes para los usuarios para identificarlos.
[+]Las etiquetas son pares clave-valor que se adhieren a los diferentes objetos, como los PodsEl objeto más pequeño y simple de Kubernetes. Un Pod es la unidad mínima de computación en Kubernetes y representa uno o más contenedores ejecutándose en el clúster. , y que se utilizan para identificar, organizar y seleccionar subconjuntos de objetos.
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LimitRangeLINK
Provides constraints to limit resource consumption per ContainersA lightweight and portable executable image that contains software and all of its dependencies. or PodsThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. in a namespace.
[+]LimitRange limits the quantity of objects that can be created by type, as well as the amount of compute resources that may be requested/consumed by individual ContainersA lightweight and portable executable image that contains software and all of its dependencies. or PodsThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. in a namespace.
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LoggingLINK
Logs are the list of events that are logged by clusterA set of worker machines, called nodes, that run containerized applications. Every cluster has at least one worker node. or application.
[+]Application and systems logs can help you understand what is happening inside your cluster. The logs are particularly useful for debugging problems and monitoring cluster activity.
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Managed ServiceLINK
A software offering maintained by a third-party provider.
[+]Some examples of Managed Services are AWS EC2, Azure SQL Database, and GCP Pub/Sub, but they can be any software offering that can be used by an application. Service Catalog provides a way to list, provision, and bind with Managed Services offered by Service BrokersAn endpoint for a set of Managed Services offered and maintained by a third-party. .
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MemberLINK
A continuously active contributorSomeone who donates code, documentation, or their time to help the Kubernetes project or community. in the K8s community.
[+]Members can have issues and PRs assigned to them and participate in special interest groups (SIGs)Community members who collectively manage an ongoing piece or aspect of the larger Kubernetes open source project. through GitHub teams. Pre-submit tests are automatically run for members’ PRs. A member is expected to remain an active contributor to the community.
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Mirror PodLINK
A podThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. object that a kubelet uses to represent a static podA pod managed directly by the kubelet daemon on a specific node.
[+]When the kubelet finds a static pod in its configuration, it automatically tries to create a Pod object on the Kubernetes API server for it. This means that the pod will be visible on the API server, but cannot be controlled from there.
(For example, removing a mirror pod will not stop the kubelet daemon from running it).
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NamespaceLINK
An abstraction used by Kubernetes to support multiple virtual clusters on the same physical clusterA set of worker machines, called nodes, that run containerized applications. Every cluster has at least one worker node. .
[+]Namespaces are used to organize objects in a cluster and provide a way to divide cluster resources. Names of resources need to be unique within a namespace, but not across namespaces.
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Network PolicyLINK
A specification of how groups of Pods are allowed to communicate with each other and with other network endpoints.
[+]Network Policies help you declaratively configure which Pods are allowed to connect to each other, which namespaces are allowed to communicate, and more specifically which port numbers to enforce each policy on.
NetworkPolicyresources use labels to select Pods and define rules which specify what traffic is allowed to the selected Pods. Network Policies are implemented by a supported network plugin provided by a network provider. Be aware that creating a network resource without a controller to implement it will have no effect. -
NodeLINK
Un Node, nodo en castellano, es una de las máquinas del clúster de Kubernetes.
[+]Una máquina del clúster puede ser tanto una máquina virtual como una máquina física, dependiendo del clúster. Tiene los servicios necesarios para ejecutar PodsEl objeto más pequeño y simple de Kubernetes. Un Pod es la unidad mínima de computación en Kubernetes y representa uno o más contenedores ejecutándose en el clúster. y es manejado por los componentes maestros. Los servicios de Kubernetes en un nodo incluyen la container runtime interfaceAn API for container runtimes to integrate with kubelet , kubelet y kube-proxykube-proxy es un componente de red que se ejecuta en cada nodo del clúster. .
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NombreLINK
Una cadena de caracteres proporcionada por el cliente que identifica un objeto en la URL de un recurso, como por ejemplo,
[+]/api/v1/pods/nombre-del-objeto.Los nombres de los objetos son únicos para cada tipo de objeto. Sin embargo, si se elimina el objeto, se puede crear un nuevo objeto con el mismo nombre.
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Operator patternLINK
The operator pattern is a system design that links a ControllerA control loop that watches the shared state of the cluster through the apiserver and makes changes attempting to move the current state towards the desired state. to one or more custom resources.
[+]You can extend Kubernetes by adding controllers to your cluster, beyond the built-in controllers that come as part of Kubernetes itself.
If a running application acts as a controller and has API access to carry out tasks against a custom resource that’s defined in the control plane, that’s an example of the Operator pattern.
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Persistent VolumeLINK
An API object that represents a piece of storage in the cluster. Available as a general, pluggable resource that persists beyond the lifecycle of any individual PodThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. .
[+]PersistentVolumes (PVs) provide an API that abstracts details of how storage is provided from how it is consumed. PVs are used directly in scenarios where storage can be created ahead of time (static provisioning). For scenarios that require on-demand storage (dynamic provisioning), PersistentVolumeClaims (PVCs) are used instead.
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Persistent Volume ClaimLINK
Reserva el recurso de almacenamiento definido en un PersistentVolume para poderlo montar como un volúmen en un contenedor.
[+]Especifica la cantidad de almacenamiento, cómo acceder a él (sólo lectura, lectura y escritura y/o exclusivo) y qué hacer una vez eliminemos el PersistentVolumeClaim (mantener, reciclar o eliminar). Los detalles sobre almacenamiento están disponibles en la especificación de PersistentVolume.
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Platform DeveloperLINK
A person who customizes the Kubernetes platform to fit the needs of their project.
[+]A platform developer may, for example, use Custom Resources or Extend the Kubernetes API with the aggregation layer to add functionality to their instance of Kubernetes, specifically for their application. Some Platform Developers are also contributorsSomeone who donates code, documentation, or their time to help the Kubernetes project or community. and develop extensions which are contributed to the Kubernetes community. Others develop closed-source commercial or site-specific extensions.
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PodLINK
El objeto más pequeño y simple de Kubernetes. Un Pod es la unidad mínima de computación en Kubernetes y representa uno o más contenedoresUna imagen ligera y portátil que contiene un software y todas sus dependencias. ejecutándose en el clúster.
[+]Normalmente un Pod se configura para ejecutar un solo contenedor primario, pero también puede ejecutar contenedores adicionales para implementar diferentes patrones como sidecar o ambassador. Estos contenedores pueden ser parte de la aplicación o simplemente añadir funcionalidades adicionales como gestión de logs o actuar de proxy. Los Pods son comúnmente gestionados por un DeploymentUn objeto API que gestiona una aplicación replicada. .
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Pod Disruption BudgetLINKAlso known as:PDB
A Pod Disruption Budget allows an application owner to create an object for a replicated application, that ensures a certain number or percentage of Pods with an assigned label will not be voluntarily evicted at any point in time. PDBs cannot prevent an involuntary disruption, but will count against the budget. [+]A Pod Disruption Budget allows an application owner to create an object for a replicated application, that ensures a certain number or percentage of Pods with an assigned label will not be voluntarily evicted at any point in time. PDBs cannot prevent an involuntary disruption, but will count against the budget.
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Pod LifecycleLINK
The sequence of states through which a Pod passes during its lifetime.
[+]The Pod Lifecycle is defined by the states or phases of a Pod. There are five possible Pod phases: Pending, Running, Succeeded, Failed, and Unknown. A high-level description of the Pod state is summarized in the PodStatus
phasefield. -
Pod PriorityLINK
Pod Priority indica la importancia de un PodEl objeto más pequeño y simple de Kubernetes. Un Pod es la unidad mínima de computación en Kubernetes y representa uno o más contenedores ejecutándose en el clúster. con relación a otros PodsEl objeto más pequeño y simple de Kubernetes. Un Pod es la unidad mínima de computación en Kubernetes y representa uno o más contenedores ejecutándose en el clúster. .
[+]Pod Priority da la habilidad de configurar prioridades del programador de un PodEl objeto más pequeño y simple de Kubernetes. Un Pod es la unidad mínima de computación en Kubernetes y representa uno o más contenedores ejecutándose en el clúster. más altas o bajas que otros PodsEl objeto más pequeño y simple de Kubernetes. Un Pod es la unidad mínima de computación en Kubernetes y representa uno o más contenedores ejecutándose en el clúster. - lo cual es una característica importante para cargas de trabajo en producción.
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Pod Security PolicyLINK
Enables fine-grained authorization of PodThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. creation and updates.
[+]A cluster-level resource that controls security sensitive aspects of the Pod specification. The
PodSecurityPolicyobjects define a set of conditions that a Pod must run with in order to be accepted into the system, as well as defaults for the related fields. Pod Security Policy control is implemented as an optional admission controller. -
PodPresetLINK
An API object that injects information such as secrets, volume mounts, and environment variables into PodsThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. at creation time.
[+]This object chooses the Pods to inject information into using standard selectors. This allows the podspec definitions to be nonspecific, decoupling the podspec from environment specific configuration.
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PreemptionLINK
Preemption logic in Kubernetes helps a pending PodThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. to find a suitable NodeA node is a worker machine in Kubernetes. by evicting low priority Pods existing on that Node.
[+]If a Pod cannot be scheduled, the scheduler tries to preempt lower priority Pods to make scheduling of the pending Pod possible.
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ProxyLINK
In computing, a proxy is a server that acts as an intermediary for a remote service.
[+]A client interacts with the proxy; the proxy copies the client’s data to the actual server; the actual server replies to the proxy; the proxy sends the actual server’s reply to the client.
kube-proxy is a network proxy that runs on each node in your cluster, implementing part of the Kubernetes ServiceA way to expose an application running on a set of Pods as a network service. concept.
You can run kube-proxy as a plain userland proxy service. If your operating system supports it, you can instead run kube-proxy in a hybrid mode that achieves the same overall effect using less system resources.
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QoS ClassLINK
QoS Class (Quality of Service Class) provides a way for Kubernetes to classify Pods within the cluster into several classes and make decisions about scheduling and eviction.
[+]QoS Class of a Pod is set at creation time based on its compute resources requests and limits settings. QoS classes are used to make decisions about Pods scheduling and eviction. Kubernetes can assign one of the following QoS classes to a Pod:
Guaranteed,BurstableorBestEffort. -
QuantityLINK
A whole-number representation of small or large numbers using SI suffixes.
[+]Quantities are representations of small or large numbers using a compact, whole-number notation with SI suffixes. Fractional numbers are represented using milli units, while large numbers can be represented using kilo, mega, or giga units.
For instance, the number
1.5is represented as1500m, while the number1000can be represented as1k, and1000000as1M. You can also specify binary-notation suffixes; the number 2048 can be written as2Ki.The accepted decimal (power-of-10) units are
m(milli),k(kilo, intentionally lowercase),M(mega),G(giga),T(tera),P(peta),E(exa).The accepted binary (power-of-2) units are
Ki(kibi),Mi(mebi),Gi(gibi),Ti(tebi),Pi(pebi),Ei(exbi). -
RBAC (Role-Based Access Control)LINK
Manages authorization decisions, allowing admins to dynamically configure access policies through the Kubernetes APIThe application that serves Kubernetes functionality through a RESTful interface and stores the state of the cluster. .
[+]RBAC utilizes roles, which contain permission rules, and role bindings, which grant the permissions defined in a role to a set of users.
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ReplicaSetLINK
El ReplicaSet es la nueva generación del ReplicationController.
[+]Un ReplicaSet, análogamente a un ReplicationControllerKubernetes service that ensures a specific number of instances of a pod are always running. , garantiza que un número establecido de réplicas de un pod estén corriendo en un momento dado. El ReplicaSet tiene soporte para selectores del tipo set-based, lo que permite el filtrado de claves por grupos de valores como por ejemplo todos los pods cuya etiqueta
environmentno seaproductionniqa. Por otro lado, el ReplicationController solo soporta selectores equality-based, es decir, que solo puedes filtrar por valores exactos como por ejemplo, los pods que tengan la etiquetatiercon valorfrontend. -
Replication ControllerLINK
Kubernetes service that ensures a specific number of instances of a PodThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. are always running.
[+]Will automatically add or remove running instances of a pod, based on a set value for that pod. Allows the pod to return to the defined number of instances if pods are deleted or if too many are started by mistake.
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Resource QuotasLINK
Provides constraints that limit aggregate resource consumption per NamespaceAn abstraction used by Kubernetes to support multiple virtual clusters on the same physical cluster. .
[+]Limits the quantity of objects that can be created in a namespace by type, as well as the total amount of compute resources that may be consumed by resources in that project.
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rktLINK
Un motor de contenedores basado en el estándar y centrado en la seguridad.
[+].
rkt es un motor de contenedoresUna imagen ligera y portátil que contiene un software y todas sus dependencias. cuya unidad mínima de computación es el pod, que representa una colección de contenedores igual que el PodEl objeto más pequeño y simple de Kubernetes. Un Pod es la unidad mínima de computación en Kubernetes y representa uno o más contenedores ejecutándose en el clúster. de la API de Kubernetes. rkt permite a los usuarios aplicar diferentes configuraciones a nivel de Pod y aplicación. Cada Pod se ejecuta directamente en el modelo clásico de Unix, en un entorno independiente y aislado.
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SecretLINK
Un Secret, secreto en castellano, almacena información sensible, como contraseñas, tokens OAuth o claves ssh.
[+]Ofrece un mayor control sobre cómo usar información sensible y reduce el riesgo de exposición accidental, incluyendo encriptado en reposo. Un PodEl objeto más pequeño y simple de Kubernetes. Un Pod es la unidad mínima de computación en Kubernetes y representa uno o más contenedores ejecutándose en el clúster. referencia el secreto como un simple fichero en un volumen montado o como variables de entorno accesibles en los Containers. Los secretos son ideales para datos confidenciales y los ConfigMaps para datos no confidenciales.
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Security ContextLINK
The
[+]securityContextfield defines privilege and access control settings for a PodThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. or containerA lightweight and portable executable image that contains software and all of its dependencies. .In a
securityContext, you can define: the user that processes run as, the group that processes run as, and privilege settings. You can also configure security policies (for example: SELinux, AppArmor or seccomp).The
PodSpec.securityContextsetting applies to all containers in a Pod. -
SelectorLINK
Permite a los usuarios filtrar recursos por Labels.
[+]Los Selectors se aplican al realizar consultas de listas de recursos para ser filtrados por LabelsMetadatos en forma de clave-valor que permite añadir a los objetos atributos que sean relevantes para los usuarios para identificarlos. .
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ServiceLINK
Un Service, servicio en castellano, es el objeto de la API de Kubernetes que describe cómo se accede a las aplicaciones, tal como un conjunto de PodsEl objeto más pequeño y simple de Kubernetes. Un Pod es la unidad mínima de computación en Kubernetes y representa uno o más contenedores ejecutándose en el clúster. , y que puede describir puertos y balanceadores de carga.
[+]El punto de acceso puede ser interno o externo al cluster.
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Service AccountLINK
Provides an identity for processes that run in a PodThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. .
[+]When processes inside Pods access the cluster, they are authenticated by the API server as a particular service account, for example,
default. When you create a Pod, if you do not specify a service account, it is automatically assigned the default service account in the same NamespaceAn abstraction used by Kubernetes to support multiple virtual clusters on the same physical cluster. . -
Service BrokerLINK
An endpoint for a set of Managed ServicesA software offering maintained by a third-party provider. offered and maintained by a third-party.
[+]Service BrokersAn endpoint for a set of Managed Services offered and maintained by a third-party. implement the Open Service Broker API spec and provide a standard interface for applications to use their Managed Services. Service Catalog provides a way to list, provision, and bind with Managed Services offered by Service Brokers.
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Service CatalogLINK
An extension API that enables applications running in Kubernetes clusters to easily use external managed software offerings, such as a datastore service offered by a cloud provider.
[+]It provides a way to list, provision, and bind with external Managed ServicesA software offering maintained by a third-party provider. from Service BrokersAn endpoint for a set of Managed Services offered and maintained by a third-party. without needing detailed knowledge about how those services are created or managed.
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SIG (special interest group)LINK
Grupo de miembros de la comunidadA continuously active contributor in the K8s community. que colectivamente gestionan una pieza o parte del proyecto Kubernetes.
[+]Los miembros dentro de un SIG tienen un interés compartido en avanzar en una área específica, como puede ser la arquitectura, la maquinaria detrás de las APIs, la usabilidad o la documentación. Los SIGs deben cumplir las guías de SIG pautas de gobernanza, pero pueden tener sus propias normas de contribución y canales de comunicación.
Para más información, consulta el repositorio kubernetes/community y la lista de los SIGs y Grupos de Trabajo (WGs).
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StatefulSetLINK
Gestiona el despliegue y escalado de un conjunto de PodsEl objeto más pequeño y simple de Kubernetes. Un Pod es la unidad mínima de computación en Kubernetes y representa uno o más contenedores ejecutándose en el clúster. , y garantiza el orden y unicidad de dichos Pods.
[+]Al igual que un DeploymentUn objeto API que gestiona una aplicación replicada. , un StatefulSet gestiona Pods que se basan en una especificación idéntica de contenedor. A diferencia de un Deployment, un StatefulSet mantiene una identidad asociada a sus Pods. Estos pods se crean a partir de la misma especificación, pero no pueden intercambiarse; cada uno tiene su propio identificador persistente que mantiene a lo largo de cualquier re-programación.
Un StatefulSet opera bajo el mismo patrón que cualquier otro controlador. Se define el estado deseado en un objeto StatefulSet, y el controlador del StatefulSet efectúa las actualizaciones que sean necesarias para alcanzarlo a partir del estado actual.
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Static PodLINK
A podThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. managed directly by the kubelet daemon on a specific node,
[+]without the API server observing it.
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Storage ClassLINK
A StorageClass provides a way for administrators to describe different available storage types.
[+]StorageClasses can map to quality-of-service levels, backup policies, or to arbitrary policies determined by cluster administrators. Each StorageClass contains the fields
provisioner,parameters, andreclaimPolicy, which are used when a Persistent VolumeAn API object that represents a piece of storage in the cluster. Available as a general, pluggable resource that persists beyond the lifecycle of any individual Pod. belonging to the class needs to be dynamically provisioned. Users can request a particular class using the name of a StorageClass object. -
sysctlLINK
[+]sysctles una interfaz común usada para consultar o modificar atributos del núcleo Unix durante su ejecución.En los sistemas Unix-like,
sysctles el comando que usan los administradores, para ver o modificar esos valores y también el nombre de la llamada al sistema que realiza esta función.La ejecución del ContenedorUna imagen ligera y portátil que contiene un software y todas sus dependencias. y de los complementos de red puede depender de los valores asignados via
sysctl. -
TaintLINK
A core object consisting of three required properties: key, value, and effect. Taints prevent the scheduling of PodsThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. on nodesA node is a worker machine in Kubernetes. or node groups.
[+]Taints and tolerationsA core object consisting of three required properties: key, value, and effect. Tolerations enable the scheduling of pods on nodes or node groups that have a matching taint. work together to ensure that pods are not scheduled onto inappropriate nodes. One or more taints are applied to a node. A node should only schedule a Pod with the matching tolerations for the configured taints.
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TolerationLINK
A core object consisting of three required properties: key, value, and effect. Tolerations enable the scheduling of pods on nodes or node groups that have matching taintsA core object consisting of three required properties: key, value, and effect. Taints prevent the scheduling of pods on nodes or node groups. .
[+]Tolerations and taintsA core object consisting of three required properties: key, value, and effect. Taints prevent the scheduling of pods on nodes or node groups. work together to ensure that pods are not scheduled onto inappropriate nodes. One or more tolerations are applied to a podThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. . A toleration indicates that the podThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. is allowed (but not required) to be scheduled on nodes or node groups with matching taintsA core object consisting of three required properties: key, value, and effect. Taints prevent the scheduling of pods on nodes or node groups. .
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Upstream (disambiguation)LINK
May refer to: core Kubernetes or the source repo from which a repo was forked.
[+]- In the Kubernetes Community: Conversations often use upstream to mean the core Kubernetes codebase, which the general ecosystem, other code, or third-party tools rely upon. For example, community members may suggest that a feature is moved upstream so that it is in the core codebase instead of in a plugin or third-party tool.
- In GitHub or git: The convention is to refer to a source repo as upstream, whereas the forked repo is considered downstream.
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VolumeLINK
Un directorio que contiene datos y que es accesible desde los contenedores corriendo en un podEl objeto más pequeño y simple de Kubernetes. Un Pod es la unidad mínima de computación en Kubernetes y representa uno o más contenedores ejecutándose en el clúster. .
[+]Un volumen de Kubernetes vive mientras exista el podEl objeto más pequeño y simple de Kubernetes. Un Pod es la unidad mínima de computación en Kubernetes y representa uno o más contenedores ejecutándose en el clúster. que lo contiene, no depende de la vida del contenedorUna imagen ligera y portátil que contiene un software y todas sus dependencias. por eso se conservan los datos entre los reinicios de los contenedoresUna imagen ligera y portátil que contiene un software y todas sus dependencias. .
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Volume PluginLINK
A Volume Plugin enables integration of storage within a PodThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. .
[+]A Volume Plugin lets you attach and mount storage volumes for use by a PodThe smallest and simplest Kubernetes object. A Pod represents a set of running containers on your cluster. . Volume plugins can be in tree or out of tree. In tree plugins are part of the Kubernetes code repository and follow its release cycle. Out of tree plugins are developed independently.
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WG (working group)LINK
Facilitates the discussion and/or implementation of a short-lived, narrow, or decoupled project for a committee, SIGCommunity members who collectively manage an ongoing piece or aspect of the larger Kubernetes open source project. , or cross-SIG effort.
[+]Working groups are a way of organizing people to accomplish a discrete task, and are relatively easy to create and deprecate when inactive.
For more information, see the kubernetes/community repo and the current list of SIGs and working groups.
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WorkloadLINK
A workload is an application running on Kubernetes.
[+]Various core objects that represent different types or parts of a workload include the DaemonSet, Deployment, Job, ReplicaSet, and StatefulSet objects.
For example, a workload that has a web server and a database might run the database in one StatefulSetManages the deployment and scaling of a set of Pods, and provides guarantees about the ordering and uniqueness of these Pods. and the web server in a DeploymentAn API object that manages a replicated application. .
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Página modificada por última vez el April 16, 2019 at 1:13 PM PST por
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